A.Q English CourseWork Essay Example

A.Q English CourseWork Essay Over many years poetry was seen to have many different uses. These uses differed by poets. The more imaginative the poet was, the more developed the poetry got. Some poets like to use their poems as a way to convey a message, some use poetry to educate their readers and some even use poems to persuade their mistresses or women to give into their love. A poet can really be imaginative and dinamic in his writing as love is not a language but a way of life. Love is unexplainable as it can change a person forever and how that person feels, it contains such an amount of chemistry which cannot be broken down in to a formulae. That unexplainable feeling of the first efectionate kiss is so valuable and rich of emotions that sometimes its worth writing for. Famouse poets who wrote poems in order to persuade their mistresses are John Dunne, Andrew Marvell, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson. I am going to compare the different techniques of persuation they use. Some writers or poets use a dialectic style and some use hyperbole style which are two main different styles. A Dialectic style is a sophisticated way of persuasion, it is more of an argumentative style while a hyperbole style is more of an imginative and far fetched style that can bring across more dinamic and imaginative use of vocabulary bringing unseen imagery across to the poem making it more joyful and interesting to read. There are many more styles that writers can use or adapt within their particular techniques, but those are the most commonly used by poets especialy for persuasion. When it comes to classing a poem you can only class a poem from beeing a Metophysical or Classical poem. The two classifications are very different to each otherin their own ways. We will write a custom essay sample on A.Q English CourseWork specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A.Q English CourseWork specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A.Q English CourseWork specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A Classical poem is a very polite poem containing lines which rhyme or posses the property of consistant beats with each other and have a very soothing pattern. Also a Classical poem is a poem which contains terms of generaly good manner and imagery unlike a metophysical poem. Also a metophysical poem contains irregular patterns and inconsistant beats which dont particularly sound soothing, unlike the Classical poems. Different poets use different techniques and styles in different ways to persuade their mistresses as there are many arguments to use. Primarily a man would try to chat up or flirt with a woman as it is the only suttle action a man could preform to an unknown mistress. To flirt means to make their mistresses convinced that they are funny and romantic. In order to do this they need to be imaginative and characteristic in an original way. This clearly calles for Hyperbole style in writing as it requiers a great amount of sarcasim. Not all poets use the same styles. A prim e comparason would be of Jhon Dunn who is a metophysical poet and Ben Johnson who is a classical poet. In contrast they both seemed to be very different especially with Johnsons dissaproval of Dunns inconsistant rhythym and imagery. Jhon Dunn, for not keeping the accent, deserved hanging Marvell is a good example for flattery with the use of carpe deim in a poem. He constanly tries to convince or persuade the woman that he is the right person for her when he tries to show off and write about all the magical things that could happen if she was with him. He tries to make the woman feel very special and confident about her image as he constanly compliments it. He compliments her image when he ststes: Two hundred to adore each breats, But thirty thousand to the rest. An age at least to every part. For lady, you deserve this state. Women as Marvell might know already are always fishing for compliments, and he compliments them as a persuasion technique. Marvell refers to carpe deium(which means to sease the day, in otherwords not waste time and have sex befor its too late) throughout the poem as he writes as if there is some rush or hurry, as if time is running out to, this is typical of a classical poem. Marvell also portrays the image of the chariot passing by quickly t o give the poem a bit more pace in its rhythym. An hundred years should go to praise thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze Marvells poem contains typical metaphysical poem features (the imagery) as well as some classical poem features(carpe deium). The poem does not rhyme but it has an iambic rythym. To conclude his poem Marvell trys to be different and unique in his own way by giving the poem a finishing tone or flavour so that the mistress feels as if she is requierd to sleep with him, thus feeling guilty.Unlike Marvell, Marlowe uses a different type of argument in his persuasion technique in one of his poems. This argument although not often used by poets, seems to be more suttle in its own way giving more of an impact on the mistresses thoughts.He uses a type of structure called a pastoral structure. In ancient rome this was a term that meant, to do with farming. In his poem he offers imagery and ideas which make up the ideal world for him and his mistress to live in. But he makes it clear that this world will only start if she gives in to his love. We know that he is a metophysical writer when he st ates that he and his mistress can pull dresses of lambs. A gown made from the finest wool which from our pretty lambs we pull He portrays this image of everything beeing so easy as when needing a dress, all you have to do is pull it of a lamb. He also portrays the fact that he can give his mistress all she wants, even make her a bed of roses.This use flattering argument is of the same type as Marvell uses. Unlike John Dunn who posseses a more sophisticated method to use imagery. John Dunn uses a Dialectic style of writing in the Flea, continuesly arguing and not giving the mistress a chance of a come back by pre-answering all her questions.Dunne is diggerent from other poets in the way that he is a metophysical writer who managed to portray his imagery realisticly. While Marvell effectivly uses Hyperbole style as he states in to his coy mistress that he will spend 200 years with his mistress as if time never existed and he would need to adore each breat for 30,000 years effectivly 60,000 years as women posses two breasts. Dunns method can be also classed to be metophysical style. Primarily Dunn explains the fact that the flea bit both of them. Effectivly using the flea as a metaphore to love. And then he uses the imagery of his blood and his mistresses blood mixing, when blood mixes it cannot be seperated back. it suckd me first, and now it sucks thee and in this flea, our two bloods mingled bee In more detail, Dunne argues that they have both been bitten by the flea as if they have both fell in love with each other and then their blood mixes which means that it will make no difference now if she killes the flea. Dunne was very different to all the other poets(the ugly duckling). Dunn uses his knowledge to obscure the mistresses thoughts of what might she think of by answering them in the poem. Thus potentialy flattering her. Dunns poem does not have a particular opening, its like a story. You can only have the effect of the poem after you complete reading it. While Herrick effectivly opens his poem starting with a throchee thus starting the flow of the rhythym immeadiatly. This helps to portray the sense of urgency as if there is not enough time to have an appropriate start top the poem. Then Herrick later on changes his rhythym significantly to an iambic pentameter. Which increases the pace of the poem even more, increasing the sesnse of urgency. He is also a poet who uses carpe deium and he puts forward this image towards his mistress that she need to make use of time as this is a sense of urgency. To conclude I will have to say that out of the four poets, Marvell is the greatest as he is soo unique. No poet writes like him. He uses fear, love and flattery to persuade his mistress. His imagery is new and original. He has a style of his own compared to all the other poets.

The Hydrologic Cycle and Water on Earth

The Hydrologic Cycle and Water on Earth Introduction The amount of water molecules in the earth is constant although the motion of water is continuous. This motion supports processes such as water purification, replenishing the land through precipitation, and movement of minerals from one location to another (Kalman, 2009). This paper will discuss the hydrologic cycle and the process that it triggers to affect land and climate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hydrologic Cycle and Water on Earth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Water motion through the hydrologic cycle Precipitation occurs when water in the form of vapor falls on the earths surface. This occurs in the form of rain and snow. Once this water falls on the earth’s surface, it undergoes heating and changes to become gas. This occurs in the water bodies, on the surface of bodies of animals, and in plants during transpiration. Transpiration is the evaporation process that consequently m akes the water molecule light in weight for it to float in the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, the water is cooled down and condenses to become liquid forming clouds or fog. The water changes from this liquid form into vapor to repeat the process. This way, water remains in motion continuously (Bronstert, 2005). Ocean current systems and their impact on climate One of the major ocean currents is the California current. It moves water from the Gulf of Alaska into the north equatorial current that moves along the equator. Further, this current moves north to become the Kurishio current. It flows along the eastern of the Japanese coast, bends towards the east, and completes the loop as the north pacific current. This process forms one major current that causes the cold climate especially in the Hawaiian Islands, Canada, British Colombia, and Southern Canada (Neumann, 1968). The North pacific current is found on the Gulf of Alaska. This current moves northwards along the Alaskan coa st through the Aleutian Islands. It combines with the Oyashio current to form the Kurishio current. Another current is the South Equatorial current that flows in a similar direction as the North Equatorial current. When the two currents move in the same direction, they form the Equatorial counter current that flows in the middle of these two currents into the Mexican coast. This then diverges in the north to form the California counter current. Other major currents include the East Australian currents that flow westwards in the Antarctica. The south of the pacific is dominated by the Peru Current (Neumann, 1968). The ocean currents cause elnino and lanina which occur every 2 to 12 years. Once they occur, some regions experience excessive rains leading to floods and mudslides. Other areas experience dry spells that lead to drought periods that may last for more than a year. They also cause the cold climate experienced in areas where cool waters are transported (Carson, 2007).Advertis ing Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Layers of the atmosphere and their effect on weather The atmosphere can be divided into four main layers. The first one is the troposphere, which is about 11 kilometers from the earth’s surface. It is the most aerated and misted compared to the layers. It makes up the atmosphere in which wildlife can thrive. This is where the weather is evident because air from the northern hemisphere mixes with air from the southern hemisphere. The next layer is the troposphere, which has no water vapor or dust. This layer does not support life. The other layer is the mesosphere, which forms the ozone layer. Its main function is to block ultraviolent rays from reaching the earth’s surface. The topmost layer is the thermosphere, which is very hot. This layer serves to absorb heat from the sun and supports the hydrologic process without drying up the ear th (Carson, 2007). How natural forces shape the land Erosion is the process in which loose top soil is moved by water, wind, ice and gravity away from its original location. This eventually leads to changes in shapes of rocks, formation of sand after rock breakage, and the breakage of minerals inside the rocks. Erosion exposes the inner layers of the earth leading to chemical changes that change the colors, texture, and shape of he inner layers (Kalman, 2009). Mass wasting involves movement of material downhill and along the slopes over a long period. This leads to the accumulation of sediment on some parts of the earth thus affecting the topography. This affects the flow of rivers and the morphological characteristics of the mountains and valleys (Kalman, 2009). Streams move sediments from higher regions to the lower regions to form columns, arches, or even caves. With time, these streams develop into rivers causing meandering due to the sediment that is deposited over time (Kalman , 2009). Oceans change the shape of the land through currents and winds. When these forces move, water masses keep moving in a similar direction over a long period. The sea line is extended, and some of the land is occupied by sea (Lisitzin, 1974). Glaciers are big masses of ice flow that have a slow movement which take bits of the earth with them. They wear away mountains and cause the formation of valleys on the land surface (Kalman, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hydrologic Cycle and Water on Earth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The movement of water on the earth’s surface and atmosphere affect the ocean currents and climate. This happens due to changes in the atmosphere that are controlled by heat energy. This defines weather and the processes like erosion prevalent on the earth’s surface. References Bronstert, A. (2005). Coupled models for the hydrological cycle: Integrati ng atmosphere, biosphere and pedosphere; with 20 tables. Berlin [u.a.: Springer Carson, M.K. (2007). Weather projects for young scientists: Experiments and science fair ideas. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. Kalman, B. (2009). What shapes the land? New York: Crabtree Pub. Lisitzin, E. (1974). Sea-level changes. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. Neumann, G. (1968). Ocean currents. Amsterdam [u.a.: Elsevier.

ENERGY WEDGES Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENERGY WEDGES - Lab Report Example Our group resorted to cutting carbon emission by half hence built an energy wedge that shows how the significant reduction is likely to take place if endorsed by the whole world. Our energy wedge begins with efficiency in transport as the basic of reducing carbon emission by 50%. The group believes that the current consumption of fuel by vehicles is likely to double from 30 mpg to 60mpg in the next 50 years. In order for saving to be achieved, there is need for the economy to shift from carbon energy sources to hybrid diesel engine technologies. Building efficiency comes second in the wedge. If technology is well utilized, buildings are supposed reduce emissions of carbon by 25% (Levy, 2010). This can be done through using solar heaters and using good insulators in construction of houses to reduce the demand of heat by electricity and other carbon sources. The next energy conservation strategy involves use of conservative measure in transport. Reducing face-to-face communication and using more electronic sources of communication will reduce the rate at which people travel (Neuhoff). This will lead to conservation of energy. The next wedge of conservation is efficiently producing electricity. Use of coal as a source of energy leads to production of about a fifth of worlds carbon. Reducing this b half in the next 50 years helps in solving this problem. Use of green sources as energy conservation form the next four level of our wedge. We realized that production is only likely to reduce by half so we opted for other means through which the remaining half of carbon emitted could be stored or reduced. This could be achieved by use of forest storage. Conserving forests ensures that trees absorb carbon emitted and use it as a source of food production. Soil is also another form in which carbon products can be stored. This can be supported by planting cover crops and preventing soil erosion. Use of

Perfect Competition and the Supply Curve & Monopoly Essay

Perfect Competition and the Supply Curve & Monopoly - Essay Example For the electricity industry, increase in business can greatly reduce unit/average costs and that is why natural monopoly is popular in this industry. In most cases, government might want to regulate natural monopolies such as this one. The regulations to be employed are direct legislation and administrative regulations of prices and entry into the industry (Joskow & Rose, 1989). Several reasons exist on why the government might do this. The two major ones are to prevent consumer exploitation and increase in the unit/average cost of production. Since, in natural monopoly there is absolutely no competition, the monopoly can sell its products at any price. This could result to consumer exploitation hence attracting the interest of the government to regulate monopoly. Moreover, since such industries have no competition, other investors might venture into it to break the monopoly. By doing this, they would increase the cost per unit hence rendering production uneconomical. The government will therefore step in to regulate their operations with an interest of saving the

Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Material Management and Hazard Essay

Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Material Management and Hazard Communications - Essay Example Hydrochloric acid is a hazardous material that ought to be handled with care. The spill response entails confining the spill using absorbent barriers (such as rags), diluting the acid, and neutralizing the acid. The primary problem experienced during the clean-up process is attributable to the properties of hydrochloric acid. The acid will corrode everything that gets into contact with it. In addition, it can cause damage to body tissues. The acid spill leaves a trail of damage to both humans and materials even after it has been contained. The spill response for water-soluble solids entails confinement, neutralization, and disposal. Sodium azide is a hazardous solid that is soluble in water. The clean-up process with such solids mostly involves neutralizing with hydrochloric acid (Burke et al., 2012). If the process is not conducted as required, the clean-up process can turn into a larger spill due to hydrochloric acid. In addition, the clean-up process may involve vaporizing the water to extract the solid. Some of the chemical components of the solid may be released into the air causing health concerns for the people involved. Oil is the most common hazardous water-insoluble liquid that has significant environmental effects. The spill response process entails confinement. Oil floats on water; hence it forms a layer. The oil spreads fast over the water body making it difficult to confine it. In addition, the oil may vaporize and mix with air posing health problems to the people involved. Oil is highly flammable and may lead to explosions when exposed to

Sumitomo Corporation And Yasuo Hamanakas Copper Scandal Finance Essay

Sumitomo Corporation And Yasuo Hamanakas Copper Scandal Finance Essay The financial world had been confronted heavily by trading scandals in 1995, with Japans Daiwa Bank and the rouge trader, Nick Leeson. When it seemed the scandals couldnt get much worse, the Sumitomo Copper Scandal emerged. This was the biggest scandal in the history of commodities trading and ranked in the top five trading losses in financial history up until the late 1990s. Sumitomo Corporation is a Japanese trading house, which is currently one of the largest worldwide trading companies headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. In the 1990s Sumitomo owned large amounts of both physical copper, which was stored in warehouses and factories, as well as numerous futures contracts. Copper was a relatively small market compared to other metals, such as aluminum. According to Andrew Beattles article, The Copper King: An Empire Built on Manipulation, copper is an illiquid commodity that cannot be easily transferred around the world to meet shortages. For example, a rise in copper prices due to a sho rtage in the United States will not be immediately cancelled out by shipments from countries with excess copper. This occurs because moving copper between storage and delivery costs money, which can cancel out the price differences. It is important to note that Yasuo Hamanaka was the chief copper trader of this trading house, and attempted to corner the entire worlds copper market leaving Sumitomo with a loss of more than $1.8 billion (Beattle). WHAT HAPPENED: For ten years, Yasuo Hamanaka had successfully managed to control the worlds price of copper. He eventually came to control five percent of the entire supply of copper, which may not seem like much considering ninety-five percent was in other traders hands (Beattle). However, due to the fact the abundant and cumbersome challenges that exist in the copper market (in movement, delivery, etc.) and the fact that even the largest traders in the market owned an even smaller percentage, Hamanakas five percent was indeed very significant. During the ten years of his manipulation he was able to use Sumitomos size and large cash reserves to corner and squeeze the market through the London Metal Exchange. The London Metal Exchange is the worlds biggest metal exchange. Furthermore, the London Metal Exchanges copper price essentially dictated the worlds copper price at the time (Beattle). Although the London Metal Exchange was large in size, it was fairly poor in terms of regulation. In fact, this exchange had little to no regulation at the time of Hamanakas rampant market manipulation. The Sumitomo Copper Scandal lasted for about a decade due to these negligent and almost nonexistent regulations on behalf of this particular exchange. To put the entire crisis into laymens terms, one must first understand that Hamanaka was taking a long futures position on copper and simultaneously buying up a substantial amount of physical copper as well. This caused any one trader who took a short futures position to have to buy long positions in order to cancel out their short positions. Due to the fact that Hamanaka had a large number of long positions, those people looking to buy them had to pay increasingly higher prices. These skyrocketing futures prices are what Hamanaka was able to control; the more the prices rose, the more money he made. This is because those with short positions were still paying this higher price in order to liquidate those positions. Another way that Hamanaka was making money was that while these prices continued to rise, some people holding short positions thought that instead of paying a high price for a long position they would buy the physical copper and deliver it to the holder of the long positi ons. So, because Hamanaka also owned 5% of the physical copper he could charge a very high price to those with short positions because they didnt want to keep paying money to liquidate their short positions. Essentially, he was making money by owning long futures as well as physical copper. WHY: There are no assured reasons as to why Hamanaka engaged in such illegal trades. Perhaps he felt pressured to maintain the consistent levels of annual revenue for Sumitomos traditional copper business-about ten billion dollars. He would therefore maintain his reputation as a phenomenal copper trader as well as his firms dominance in the commodities market. It is also important to note that individuals such as Hamanaka, do attempt to corner the market in order to create an unfair advantage by purchasing a significant amount of shares. This eventually increases the price of shares, making them appear to have a greater value. As the price of the shares continues to rise, more buyers become attracted, and then demand further increases the price of the shares. This causes short sellers to be driven out of the market through a short squeeze. In the article Short Squeeze, it explains that a short squeeze is a situation in which an increase in the price of the stock triggers a rush of buying activity among short sellers. Therefore, it is necessary for the short sellers to buy stock in order to close out their short positions to minimize their losses, causing a further increase in stock prices. Overtime, this causes one to sell their holdings at an artificially inflated price and then leave their investment or opt to sell their shares with the knowledge that the price will decrease once normal supply and demand forces return (Investing Answers). WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE: Yasuo Hamanaka, also referred to as Mr. Copper, was the former copper trading chief for Sumitomo Corporation. Following research of the Sumitomo Copper Scandal, one can confidently say that Hamanaka is the key player who is held responsible for the 2.6 billion dollar loss over a ten-year period. In fact, the article, Sumitomo Corporation states that, it believed that Mr. Hamanaka was solely responsible for the unauthorized trading (215). His attempted action to corner the worlds entire copper market by falsifying financial records and forging signatures alluded to such a significant loss for the company. It is also important to note that prior to the discovery of Hamanakas accumulation of illegal trades, he was given a great amount of responsibility within the company. This was because he was perceived by top executives to have superior knowledge and experience within copper trading. Therefore, one can also conclude that the top executives within the corporation can also be held responsible for the Sumitomo Copper Scandal. This is because the Sumitomo Corporation and senior management did not have secure safeguards in place to ensure that they knew exactly what their employees were doing. Furthermore, Hamanakas reputation as being a superstar copper trader only worked to solidify the lack of regulation and discipline (Sumitomo Corporation). When Sumitomo Corporations reputation began to tarnish from individuals outside the company, they responded to the allegations by stating that Merrill Lynch and JPMorgan Chase were the two banks responsible. In the article The Copper King: An Empire Built On Manipulation, author Andrew Beattle explains that Sumitomo Corporation claimed that Merrill Lynch and JPMorgan Chase granted the loans to Hamanaka via future derivatives; hence the two banks kept the scheme going. Consequently, both banks were found guilty to some extent (Beattle). RIPPLE EFFECTS ON THE MARKET: Historically, there has been a close correlation in the behavior of metal prices. When one metal falls, the others tend to follow. However, the Sumitomo announcement did not harm other metals despite the recent dramatic drop in copper prices. Copper is a relatively small market compared to other metals, such as aluminum and gold. The price of the metal was above $1.25 a pound in New York in early May of 1996, but it fell to $1.04 on June 13, just before Sumitomo announced its loss. Following the announcement, copper was trading at about 89 cents (Wall). The decline in prices of copper before the Sumitomo scandal was believed to have risen from people being concerned about the number of new copper mines that were planned and the potential supply problems that it could bring about (Wall). Copper prices fell ten percent in the weeks following Hamanakas removal (Fletcher), however, prices had been falling for a while, and the scandal only exacerbated the trend (Uchitelle). The main effect of Sumitomos losses was the decline in public confidence in financial institutions. Americans wondered how well their local financial institutions were handling oversight of management. They also were concerned about a temporary decline in stock prices as well as higher interest rates for money to seek to borrow from banks (Uchitelle). The dollar is driven by peoples perception of commodity price movements, and although the dollar had weakened before news of the Sumitomo scandal, the fall in copper prices has contributed to the dollars softness (Wall). The Sumitomo affair concerned the United States about the openness of Japans financial system and the implications for interest rates. These worries as well as the copper crisis had contributed to the decline of the yen. The collapse in copper prices also hurt the Australian dollar. RISK MANAGEMENT ERRORS: In the Sumitomo copper scandal, the financial debacle originates from the failures of proper risk management. By entering into fictitious trades for over ten years and manipulating several accounts, Hamanaka successfully misled his management into believing that he was making huge profits. Hamanaka had been trading on the London Metal Exchange forward market for copper. Sumitomo was the largest participant in the physical market for copper-he handled twice the volume as his competitors. Hamanaka was known in the copper markets as Mr. Five Percent because Sumitomos copper trading team traded approximately 500,000 metric tons of copper a year, which was five percent of the total world demand for copper (Weston). In regards to risk management, whenever any hedge fund or speculator who was aware of manipulation tried to take short positions, Hamanaka invested more money into his positions, thus sustaining a higher price because he dominated the market. However, despite these illegal practices no action was taken against Hamanaka because of the profits he generated for the company (Weston). There are several reasons from a management perspective as to why the scandal carried on as long as it did. The middle office may have bypassed early warning signals perhaps because Hamanaka was perceived as an experienced senior trader. Hamanaka was chief of the trading office and intentionally had an incentive to maximize profit opportunities through illegal ways. Employees within the firm may have allowed the fraud to occur by turning the other way. This is a case of decentralization (Tschoegl). The Sumitomo scandal has provided valuable insight and enables one to appreciate and understand the importance of internal and external controls. If there had been any controls, it is believed that the scandal would have been detected much earlier and before a loss of $1.8 billion. WAS IT PREVENTABLE? IF SO, HOW? The Sumitomo Copper Crisis was, at its core, a very preventable crisis-almost embarrassingly so. The huge financial swings that the copper market saw in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of Hamanakas indiscretions were exactly that: the result of one mans greed and indiscretions. Hamanaka initiated and participated in the illegal trade of copper-like making off the book deals in order to recover unrealized losses-and incited a wave of regulatory laws by the London Metal Exchange and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Hamanaka exploited various agents and partnerships in his ten-year long market-manipulating extravaganza. He was able to do this due to serious misgivings and loopholes in the commodity futures markets, as well as taking advantage of gaps in the chain of command and knowledge. Hamanaka maintained two different sets of trading books: one that recorded fabricated profits for the Sumitomo Corporation and another real record of all the off-the-book and under-the-table deals that were made to maintain control of the market. This long-term interference and domination of the copper market was nonetheless very hard to maintain due to one key fact: in order to corner a commodities market, the company must actually hold the assets, which presents an additional strain on resources and funds. This very requirement may be the answer to preventing scandals like this in the future (Wall). As aforementioned, the Sumitomo Copper Crisis was largely unavoidable simply because one mans poor decisions affected the rest of the affiliated market. The essence of the problem was unauthorized trading that the culprit undertook to enhance his firms profitability and then his own career and pay, Adrian Tschoegl mentioned in The Key to Risk Management. However, the true debacle is a result of a lack of internal and external controls. The Sumitomo Corporation, which was divided into essentially three separate offices (front, back and middle), simply did not harbor or even encourage communication between departments and sectors (Tschoegl). The middle office (which is responsible for one of the most key business functions: risk management) can easily be said to have failed most spectacularly in this scandal. The lack of risk awareness and management led to a loss of $1,800 million dollars and a stain on the Sumitomo name, all because of a decentralized, non-communicative corporate str ucture (Tschoegl). The most effective approach to avoiding something like this in the future is basically three-pronged: more and better management-level controls, independent transaction monitoring, and more stringent regulation (of the London Metal Exchange, by the government, and of corporations e.g. corporate social responsibility) (Tschoegl). The management-level controls should consist of a conscious effort at centralizing every part of the company, as well as maintaining strict inter-company discipline and training. Independent transaction making should be monitored so no two-book accounting systems are permissible; that is to say, that there is a system of checks and balances within the corporation to ensure above-board transactions. In terms of regulation on behalf of various agencies and governments, its only necessary to say that more of it is probably needed to avoid price manipulation. Perhaps a system of rigorous reporting and accounting policies could be implemented, which would strength en the markets effectiveness anyways. CONCLUSION: Its fair to say that the Sumitomo Copper Crisis leaves the skilled and careful trader with a few pivotal takeaways. First, both internal and external management controls are absolutely crucial to the success of any company, but if said management is left to run unchecked through the system, mishaps and misdeeds are bound to occur. Strict and standardized corporate training and discipline is the remedy to this pitfall. Second, given the right amount of determination and finesse, the market on almost any given commodity can be cornered, for better or for worse. Events like this, despite their far-reaching negative implications for the perpetrator, always help make the market a more efficient and fluid network. The lessons that are learned from scandals such as the Sumitomo Copper Affair in the long run only work to better and enhance the market.

Geography of the Bahamas :: Essays Papers

Geography of the Bahamas The Bahamas are located in the Atlantic Ocean 49.7 miles (80 km) southeast of Florida and 49.7 miles (80 km) northeast of Cuba. Some neighboring islands to the Bahamas are Haiti and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Nassau, the capital of the Bahamas, is located on the island of New Providence. The Bahamas encompass 700 islands and 2,000 cays, yet 30 to 40 of them are inhabited (thebahamas.com). The Bahamas are a large scattered group of islands called an archipelago. The land mass covers an area of about 4,566 sq. miles (11,825 sq. km) (Thompson 27), roughly the size of New Jersey and Connecticut combined. The islands of the Bahamas cover approximately 259,000 square miles (670,810 sq. km) of ocean (countrystudies.us). The total coastline is 2,200 miles (3,542 km), which is about 25% of all the land that makes up the Bahamas (cia.gov). The coastlines are fringed with mangroves, lagoons and coral reefs. The foundation of the Bahamas is a mixture of fossil coral and sand. There is low scrub cover across many of the islands. The northern Bahamas are considered a savannah as it consists of flat grasslands on dry harsh lands. The highest point located in the Bahamas is Mt. Alvernia on Cat Island reaching a height of 320 feet (97.54 m) (cia.gov). The only river and fresh water lake in the entire archipelago is located on Andros Island. The climate of the Bahamas is a tropical marine system. There are only two seasons in the Bahamas. Summer includes the months of May through November, while the winter months consist of December through April. Both seasons are controlled by the warm Gulf Stream and the trade winds. Moderate temperatures range from a low of 60Â °F and a high of 90Â °F (thebahamas.com). In the summer, the sea temperature is consistent around 80Â °F and generally 74Â °F by mid winter (thebahamas.com). The Bahamas get 132 cm (25 inches) of rainfall annually which mostly occurs from the occasional summer showers (Thompson 28). More often than not these rainfalls are followed by numerous days of sunshine and clear skies. Winds tend to blow easterly and rarely reach speeds greater than 13 mph creating those warm balmy sea breezes.

Tradition v.s Common Sense

Traditions are a very Important aspect of human life. They are seen as another way of life. Many traditions teach things of value to children, things which parents hope will be passed on to future generations. In many societies however, traditions have taken over the common sense of the people.Nowadays, humans blindly follow traditions, not knowing or even acknowledging what they are really doing. Whether It Is a celebratory tradition or a tradition that has been followed since ancient times, unmans will not question the motives behind it; they will just continue to follow it. In the short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, villagers blindly follow their annual tradition, one that claims a life every year.All the villagers take part in this event knowing that there will be death yet no one dares to stop and question It, Even when some people do stop and question the reasons that began the tradition, they will not do anything about it because it is a tradition that ha s been followed countless and they do not want to be the only ones to question it or even worse, not follow it. This shows that human beings will tolerate acts of evil and Injustices In traditions, making them unable to step out of that circle and see what is really going on because of their preference of tradition over common sense.It does not matter if the tradition FIFO Traditions have been around for thousands of years, even before civilized human life began. They have been performed all over the world, in all points of time. In the overview by Joyce Moss and George Wilson, it is explained that ancient cultures believed sacrifices were necessary to benefit the community. In fact, during ancient times a tradition similar to â€Å"The Lottery' was such â€Å"a highly regarded mean of decision-making that eventually most civic matters were resolved by. † Joyce Moss & George Wilson) This is because traditions were among the main parts or sections of ancient human life.Even n ow, traditions are still a big part of human life. Many traditions around the world are a huge thing for humans. They will make special foods, decorations, and even rituals. However, many of these traditions are performed without thought. Many traditions are followed because it has been done before, no one has questioned it before, and so there is no reason to stop it now. In â€Å"The Lottery' one can analyze that the original meaning and aspects of the tradition have indeed been lost and that the tradition is followed Just because.The analysis made on study mode suggests that â€Å"Substituting slips of paper for chips of wood, a recital prior to the lottery, and a salute to address each person† are some of the aspects that have changed prior to the original lottery, the first one that began everything. (Analysis of the Tradition in Shirley Jackson's â€Å"The Lottery') It also mentions that the actual tradition has remained a routine. This leads to the conclusion that th e lottery is no longer continued because of the tradition, but because it has been done for so long it Just feels right to continue to follow it.In many societies, rituals are part of the traditions. Many believe these rituals are performed because of religion or a similar idea. What people do not know is that not all rituals are needed or performed because of religion. Many rituals are Just performed because of tradition. It does not matter if the ritual is harmful and has a active impact on society; many societies will still perform them Just to keep the tradition going. The short story, â€Å"The Lottery' by Shirley Jackson, shows a perfect example of this.The people of the town still perform the ritual because of the tradition held every year. They do not care if someone they love or care for dies; they just want to follow the tradition. Even the own family members participate in the ritual, which is stoning one of their own family members to death. These types of rituals are i ncredible acts of evil but humans still participate in them. In the last section of the overview by Jennifer Hicks, she explains very thoroughly the tradition of stoning. In it she explains that it was a standing ritual.She does mention that the â€Å"original paraphernalia for the lottery has been lost long ago. † (Hicks) There is a part in the story where old man Warner stated, â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. † This refers to human sacrifices benefiting the community with food, which is something that by the time the story takes place, which is around the 1700 to sass, should be known that it is not real. So why do they continue to do this? It is the simple reasons of following a tradition. There are many concerns on why human beings follow traditions that are inhumane instead of using their common sense.Most of the issues are due to the fact that many rituals followed by humans consist of bloodshed or even death. In many societies, traditions play a big r ole, causing more and more people to be a part of them. The main dilemma is why people accept traditions that sense that traditions that involve bloodshed and death can be no good to societies, especially societies filled with children. Traditions like these will only poison the minds of the young with the idea that a tradition must be followed no matter what. The reason people do not stop them is because they do not want to stand out.In the book â€Å"Shirley Jackson† by Friedman Lineman, it explains that Shirley Jackson was new to a small town when she moved. She did not really know anybody so she did not participate in the town's traditions. This caused other towns people to look at her weird, like an outsider. This can reflect on her short story of â€Å"The Lottery', in which the analysis can be made that Mrs.. Hutchinson was an outsider, not so much of Ewing new but the type that does not do what everyone else does, in this case, the tradition of the lottery.It is clea r that these traditions have taken over the common sense of the people. Now, people do not think before acting. They Just follow traditions to the letter. They do no stop to think about their traditions and if they are beneficial or plain out dangerous. They Just do not want to stand out; they want to be the same as everyone else. It is around these thoughts that the main concern revolves around. Humans will argue that traditions are needed when the reality is that they are not. They have gotten surrounded so much by traditions; it is like a second language to them.The short story â€Å"The Lottery' by Shirley Jackson explains how human beings in the village have been blinded by a tradition, which is the lottery. With careful analysis, it is easy to spot all blind actions carried out by the villagers. Everybody seems nice and Joyful throughout the story until the very end. â€Å"It seems as though Jackson is making a statement regarding hypocrisy and human evil. † (Analysis of the Tradition in Shirley Jackson's â€Å"The Lottery') What Shirley Jackson wants us to realize y writing this story is that people are so blinded by traditions; they might kill someone thinking it is alright.Shirley Jackson uses ideas similar to these to suggest that there is an underlying evil and weakness in human beings. The village, having performed such an act for so many years, continues on with it, with no complaints or questions being asked, and the main purpose being to carry on the tradition. In the story, it states, â€Å"There's always been a lottery says Old Man Warner. â€Å"Nothing but trouble in that,† he says of quitting the event. (122) However, almost all the villagers how some type of anxiety or fear toward the tradition.Comments like â€Å"Don't be nervous Jack† (122) and â€Å"Get up there Bill† (123) indicate that the people may not be entirely comfortable with the lottery. Yet everyone still goes along with it. Nobody openly express es or shows their fear toward the lottery. Shirley Jackson may be trying to show the reader that many individuals are not strong enough to go against or stand up to their disapproval for the fear of being rejected by their own society. Instead, the villagers will continue to risk not only their lives, but the lives of their Emily members as well.She makes suggestions that human beings are not always who they seem and can turn their back on you at any time for the sake of their beliefs, or in this case, tradition. Throughout history, humans have made the choice to choose their traditions over their common sense. They do not think of the effects that will be caused because of their actions. Nowadays, people in societies continue to follow traditions or â€Å"trends† side to watch an argument, accident or incident, rather than stepping in and doing something about it.They do not step in because they do not want to stand out in front of everybody else; they do not want the spotli ght on them. They are frightened that they will be rejected later on. It is the same thing with traditions. Human beings do not care if there is death in the tradition, they will continue to follow it as long as they do not stand out and are not rejected or looked down on. This shows that human beings will tolerate acts of evil and injustices in traditions, making them unable to step out of that circle and see what is really going on because of their reference of tradition over common sense.People need to stop and think about the effects caused by traditions instead of Just blindly following the traditions of their ancestors. If this is not stopped, future generations will continue to make blind choices as well, due to the lack of common sense. Works Cited â€Å"Analysis of the Tradition in Shirley Jackson's â€Å"The Lottery†. † Studded. Com. Studded. Com, 2008. Web. 2008.. Friedman, Lineman. Shirley Jackson. Boston: Twenty Publishers, 1975. Print. Hicks, Jennifer. â €Å"Overview of the Lottery. † Short Stories for Students. Detroit: Gale, 2002.

The Quakers vs. The Puritans essays

The Quakers vs. The Puritans essays The Quakers were considered to be more liberal of all the new religious practices found in America. The Quakers didnt have any education on their practices because they saw no need for it. Everybodys own interpretation of the written word was as valid as the next persons. The term Quakers was actually considered derogatory they preferred to be called Professors of the Light or Friends, which was the most common term. The term Quaker was used to describe the people who tremble at the word of the Lord. The Quakers belief was extremely different of that of the Catholic Church, and the beliefs that were held by the Pilgrims and the Puritans. The Quakers believed that all possessed an Inner light. By finding this inner light you would have the Lords own hand helping you. You would be able to achieve spiritual perfection in a sense. This belief pertained to everyone in Gods eyes everyone was equal. The Quakers were critical in the early history of New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. William Penn was the son of a wealthy landowner and held some power in the English navy. Penns father was a friend with the king and the Duke of York, and several other people of importance at that time. Penn was somewhat of a disappointment because he got thrown out of Oxford University for hold unorthodox religious opinions. Penn was very passionate about the Quaker faith, he wrote forty-two books about his connection to his faith. Penn was awarded a great deal of land (Pennsylvania) by Charles II. The charters that Penn had, allowed him complete freedom in the designing of his own form of government. Some of the things that Penn guaranteed to the settlers were Freedom from persecution, no taxation without representation, and due process of law. Pennsylvania emerged as one of the most liberal colonies and seemed to hold the most vie ...

An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece

An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece The era of Hellenistic Greece was the period when Greece language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. The third era of ancient Greek history was the Hellenistic Age when the Greek language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. Typically, historians start the Hellenistic Age with the death of Alexander, whose empire spread from India to Africa, in 323 B.C. It follows the Classical Age and precedes the incorporation of the Greek empire within the Roman empire in 146 B.C. (31 B.C. or the Battle of Actium for the Egyptian territory). The Hellenistic settlements may be divided into five regions, according to and quoted from The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, by Getzel M. Cohen: Greece, Macedonia, the Islands, and Asia Minor;Asia Minor west of the Tauros Mountains;Cilicia beyond the Tauros Mountains, Syria, and Phoenicia;Egypt;the regions beyond the Euphrates, i.e., Mesopotamia, the Iranian plateau, and central Asia. Aftermath of the Death of Alexander the Great A series of wars marked the period immediately after Alexander’s death in 323 B.C., including the Lamian Wars and the first and second Diadochi Wars, wherein Alexander’s followers sued for his throne. Eventually, the empire was divided into three parts: Macedonia and Greece (ruled by Antigonus, founder of the Antigonid dynasty), the Near East (ruled by Seleucus, founder of the Seleucid dynasty), and Egypt, where the general Ptolemy started the Ptolemid dynasty. The early Hellenistic Age also saw enduring achievements in the arts and learning, however. The philosophers Xeno and Epicurus founded their philosophical schools, and stoicism and Epicureanism are still with us today. In Athens, the mathematician Euclid began his school and became the founder of modern geometry. Third Century B.C. The empire was wealthy thanks to the conquered Persians. With this wealth, building and other cultural programs were established in each region. The most famous of these was doubtless the Library of Alexandria, founded by Ptolemy I Soter in Egypt, charged with housing all of the world’s knowledge. The library flourished under the Ptolemaic dynasty and withstood several disasters until it was ultimately destroyed in the second century A.D. Another triumphalist building effort was the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The 98-foot tall statue commemorated the victory of the island of Rhodes against the predations of Antigonus I Monopthalmus. But internecine conflict continued, notably through the Pyrrhic War between Rome and Epirus, the invasion of Thrace by Celtic peoples, and the dawn of Roman prominence in the region. Second Century B.C. The end of the Hellenistic Age was marked by greater conflict, as battles raged among the Seleucids and among the Macedonians. The political weakness of the empire made it an easy target in the ascent of Rome as a regional power; by 149 B.C., Greece itself was a province of the Roman Empire. This was followed in short order by the absorption of Corinth and Macedonia by Rome. By 31 B.C., with the victory at Actium and the collapse of Egypt, all of Alexander’s empire lay in Roman hands. Cultural Achievements of the Hellenistic Age While the culture of ancient Greece was disseminated East and West, the Greeks adopted elements of eastern culture and religion, especially Zoroastrianism and Mithraism. Attic Greek became the lingua franca. Impressive scientific innovations were made in Alexandria where the Greek Eratosthenes computed the circumference of the earth, Archimedes calculated pi, and Euclid compiled his geometry text. In philosophy, Zeno and Epicurus founded the moral philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. In literature, New Comedy evolved, as did the pastoral idyll form of poetry associated with Theocritus, and the personal biography, which accompanied a movement in sculpture to represent people as they were rather than as ideals, although there were exceptions in Greek sculpture most notably the hideous depictions of Socrates, although even they may have been idealized, if negatively. Both Michael Grant and Moses Hadas discuss these artistic/biographical changes. See From Alexander to Cleopatra, by Michael Grant, and Hellenistic Literature, by Moses Hadas. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 17, (1963), pp. 21-35. Source Cohen, Getzel M. The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Hellenistic Culture and Society Book 54, 1 Edition, Kindle Edition, University of California Press, June 2, 2013.

Climate effects from historical volcanic eruptions Research Paper

Climate effects from historical volcanic eruptions - Research Paper Example The change in climatic conditions as observed by the scientist was as a result of volcanic activity. The paper will explain the various climatic effects that resulted from volcanic eruption in the past1. The change was linked to the eruption of the Laki fissure system. Laki fissure system was a chain of volcanic activities that results to the movement of lava through several cracks in the ground rather than from a single point. The eruption happened in Iceland. The Laki eruptions took place in more than 8 months and produced about 14 km3 of basalt that was made up thin, black and fluid lava. The eruption also resulted to production of ash clouds that made their way into the stratosphere. The ash clouds formed a dense haze across Europe which resulted to blockage of the sun’s rays from reaching the ground. In addition to the ash, the eruptive clouds that came out of the fissures consisted mainly of high quantities of hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen Fluoride gases2. These gases combined with atmospheric water to produce acid rain that lead to death of livestock as well as destruction of vegetations and crops. The effect was however severe in Iceland where seventy five percent of the livestock and twenty five percent of the people died from the toxic impact of the volcanic activities. The impact of the eruption was also felt in places far away from Iceland. During the period the United States recorded low temperatures. In fact, the temperatures in the northern hemisphere decreased by over a degree Celsius. There are various reasons on how large volcanic eruption may have an impact on the global climate. Volcanic eruptions often produce large quantities of carbon dioxide, a gas that is associated with the green house effect. Carbon dioxide is known to trap gases that are been radiated form the surface of the earth forming an insulations around the earth. The green house impact is essential for human survival as it maintains the temperatures

Supply Chain Management (operations management)2 Assignment

Supply Chain Management (operations management)2 - Assignment Example In order to maximize revenue, an organization has to consider the net worth of a product to the customers and what the supply chain tends to accomplish is to get the exact requests of the consumers. Supply chain management is basically concerned with issues of who is involved, cost and service in addition to integration of such kind of services (Jacoby, 2010). Supply chain strategies are directly affected by other chains available within the organizations. This includes an activity that comes up with the introduction of new products to the firm. Supply chain should also be integrated with other goals of the organization like the ones which leads to maximization of profit margin thus giving a lot of returns. Supply chains needs to be designed to eliminate unnecessary uncertainty and risks at all levels of production. Some of the risks that may come in the course of production include the risks associated with machines, logistics amongst others. Organization can optimize supply chain management to improve results and remove obstacles in several ways such as the global optimization. Having a complex network, the supply chain management have so far been developed to enable integration of products from the point it comes from the supplier to the point delivery is done. A good example is whereby an organization can be able to get a supply and directly deliver it to consumer without having to actually stock it and then goes ahead to make payments through electronic money transfer. Supply chain is considered dynamic in nature. Customers’ demands and suppliers’ potentiality will always change after sometimes. This will in turn leads to evolution in supply chain relationships. For instance, when a customer potentials increases, this will impact more pressure on the supplier to increase the rate of productivity in quantity and quality. Organizations should be able to project any risk that might come in the line of production of commodities to the